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October 17, 2001

Advanced Concepts of Broker-Dealer Compliance

Disclosure of conflicts resulting from a broker-dealer’s recommendations to clients and the public and the other activities of the recommending broker-dealer, such as investment banking, market making and its proprietary trading, have been a long-standing issue in the industry. It has recently received renewed emphasis from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The…

October 1, 2001

Capital, Customer Funds and Margin After the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000

The Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 (“CFMA”) made fundamental changes in several federal acts, including the CEA, SEC “34 Act” and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940,6. This article focuses on changes affecting the financial responsibility requirements of broker-dealers, futures commission merchants, and introducing brokers as a result of CFMA and subsequent…

September 1, 2001

Managing Regulatory Investigations and Examinations for Cause

It is critically important that broker-dealers and investment advisers recognize when an examination by the SEC, an SRO, or a state is an examination for cause and how to deal with such an examination or investigation. This article details how the SEC, the SROs and states conduct for-cause examinations and investigations, and provides…

June 5, 2001

Regulatory Examinations For Cause

The number of for-cause examinations and investigations by the SEC and self-regulatory organizations (“SROs”) and state securities departments (“state”) has increased markedly over the last several years and will probably continue to increase. High volume, new products and the market downturn have resulted in an increased number of complaints to regulators resulting in…

May 24, 2001

Supervision of Branch Offices, OSI’s and Offsite Brokers and Independent Contractors

Supervisory responsibilities in connection with branch offices, offices of supervisory jurisdiction (“OSJs”), and offsite brokers, including independent contractors, can be particularly challenging. Without on-site supervisors and compliance personnel, there are more opportunities for supervisory failures and sales practice abuse. The most serious of these problems is selling away of securities products or Ponzi…

April 30, 2001

Broker-Dealer Customer and Recruiting Disputes

This article focuses on selected customer litigation issues that arise in customer disputes and unfair competition. The areas covered include controversies dealing with arbitrator selection, discovery in arbitration, emerging on-line brokerage litigation issues, clearing firm liability, and correspondent arbitration agreement coverage under clearing firm customer agreements. The content sets forth the procedural or…

November 8, 2000

Who is a Proprietary Trader? A Changing and Rocky Landscape

In a 2000 article, we noted increasing attention and focus on whether individuals described as “proprietary traders” were truly trading on behalf of a firm or were, in fact, customers trading under the guise of proprietary trader. Nearly four years later, regulatory guidance in this area remains inconsistent and continues to result…

September 1, 2000

Securities Sites and Online Trading Become Regulatory Priorities

Issues faced by regulators include the validity of electronic signatures, disclosures required in online trading, whether hyperlinks are regulated with the documents in which they are embedded, what obligations online sites have to day traders, when offers to buy can be accepted in IPOs, and more. Inconsistencies between the U.S. and other national…

August 1, 2000

Regulation of Electronic Communication, Execution and Delivery of Documents to Customers of Broker-Dealers

A regulatory scheme designed for electronic communications, after a slow start, seems to have caught up with the desire and need to communicate electronically. This article reviews the principle elements in the regulatory framework for communications between brokers and customers – in particular, issues related to online trading.

July 1, 2000

Regulation of Electronic Communication, Execution and Delivery of Documents to FCM/BDs

The CFTC has taken a definitive position that electronic signatures are permitted for customer agreements, required disclosure consents and other documents where signatures were previously required. CFTC Rule 1.4, 17 C.F.R. 1.4. Neither the CFTC nor the National Futures Association (“NFA’) mandates customer agreements; however, they do mandate customer acknowledgment of margin…

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